Android IPC 进程间通信全总结与选型指南

// 发送方进程Intent intent = new Intent(this, ReceiverActivity.class);Bundle bundle = new Bundle();bundle.putString("message", "Hello from Process A");bundle.putParcelable("user", new User("John")); // User需实现Parcelableintent.putExtras(bundle);startActivity(intent);
// 接收方进程 (ReceiverActivity)Bundle received = getIntent().getExtras();String msg = received.getString("message");User user = received.getParcelable("user");

// 进程A 写入数据try (FileOutputStream fos = openFileOutput("shared_data.txt", MODE_PRIVATE)) {    fos.write("Data from Process A".getBytes());    FileLock lock = fos.getChannel().lock(); // 获取文件锁    // 写操作...    lock.release();}
// 进程B 读取数据try (FileInputStream fis = openFileInput("shared_data.txt")) {    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));    String data = reader.readLine(); // 读取共享数据}

// IDataService.aidlinterface IDataService {    int calculate(in int a, in int b);    void registerCallback(IDataCallback callback);}
public class DataService extends Service {    private final IDataService.Stub binder = new IDataService.Stub() {        @Override        public int calculate(int a, int b) {            return a * b; // 跨进程计算        }
        @Override        public void registerCallback(IDataCallback callback) {            // 注册回调接口        }    };
    @Override    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {        return binder;    }}

// 客户端进程ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {    @Override    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {        IDataService dataService = IDataService.Stub.asInterface(service);        int result = dataService.calculate(6, 7); // 跨进程调用    }};bindService(new Intent(this, DataService.class), conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

public class MessengerService extends Service {    static final int MSG_REQUEST = 1;
    class ServiceHandler extends Handler {        @Override        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {            if (msg.what == MSG_REQUEST) {                // 处理客户端消息                Messenger client = msg.replyTo;                Message reply = Message.obtain(null, MSG_RESPONSE);                Bundle data = new Bundle();                data.putString("response", "Processed at " + System.currentTimeMillis());                reply.setData(data);                client.send(reply); // 回复客户端            }        }    }
    final Messenger messenger = new Messenger(new ServiceHandler());
    @Override    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {        return messenger.getBinder();    }}

public class UserProvider extends ContentProvider {    private UserDatabase db;
    @Override    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {        long id = db.getUserDao().insert(User.fromValues(values));        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null); // 通知数据变更        return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);    }
    @Override    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,                        String[] args, String sort) {        Cursor cursor = db.getUserDao().queryUsers(selection, args);        cursor.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);        return cursor;    }}
// 客户端查询Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(    UserContract.CONTENT_URI,     null, "age > ?", new String[]{"18"}, null);

// 服务端进程new Thread(() -> {    try (ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(9000);         Socket client = server.accept();         DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream())) {
        // 接收大文件        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("received.jpg");        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];        int bytesRead;        while ((bytesRead = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {            fos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);        }    } }).start();
// 客户端发送new Thread(() -> {    try (Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9000);         DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());         FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("large_image.jpg")) {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];        int bytesRead;        while ((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {            out.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); // 分块传输        }    }}).start();

// 定义Native服务class NativeCalcService : public BBinder {public:    status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,                         Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) override {        switch(code) {            case CALC_OP: {                int a = data.readInt32();                int b = data.readInt32();                reply->writeInt32(a * b); // 直接返回计算结果                return NO_ERROR;            }        }    }};
// 注册服务sp sm = defaultServiceManager();sm->addService(String16("native.calc"), new NativeCalcService());

// 使用共享内存传输大文件MemoryFile memoryFile = new MemoryFile("buffer", 10 * 1024 * 1024);memoryFile.getOutputStream().write(hugeData);
// 通过Binder传递文件描述符ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = MemoryFileUtil.getParcelFileDescriptor(memoryFile);bundle.putParcelable("mem_file", pfd);
// 客户端接收ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = bundle.getParcelable("mem_file");FileDescriptor fd = pfd.getFileDescriptor();FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fd);

// 使用oneway实现异步调用oneway void processAsync(in LargeData data);
// 避免传输大对象interface IDataService {    void sendData(in DataHeader header, in ParcelFileDescriptor fd);}

// 设置死亡代理service.linkToDeath(new IBinder.DeathRecipient() {    @Override    public void binderDied() {        // 执行重连逻辑        reconnectService();    }}, 0);